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An étude is a musical composition written primarily to develop a specific technical skill while remaining a complete musical work in its own right.
What is an étude?
Unlike a simple exercise, an étude is a fully developed piece of music. Each étude typically focuses on one or more technical challenges, such as scales, arpeggios, octave playing, large leaps or hand independence.
Many famous composers, including Chopin, Liszt and Debussy, wrote études that are both valuable technical studies and respected concert repertoire.
How are études used in piano playing?
Piano players use études to improve technique while developing musical expression. Regular practice helps build finger strength, coordination, accuracy and control.
Although études are most closely associated with classical piano training, the technical skills they develop are valuable for pianists in every musical style.