First and Second Endings

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First and Second Endings – Definition

First and second endings are notational symbols that indicate different endings for repeated sections of music. They allow composers to repeat most of a passage while changing only the final measures.

What are First and Second Endings?

In standard music notation, the first ending is played the first time through a repeated section. After returning to the repeat sign, the performer skips the first ending and continues with the second ending instead. This notation keeps sheet music compact while allowing the music to continue naturally into the next section.

First and second endings are commonly found in classical music, jazz charts, lead sheets, hymnals, and many popular music arrangements.

Why are First and Second Endings important for pianists?

Understanding first and second endings helps pianists read music accurately and follow a composition’s structure without hesitation. These alternate endings often signal whether the music repeats, moves to a new section, or prepares a turnaround.

Being comfortable with repeat endings also improves sight-reading and rehearsal efficiency, especially when performing with other musicians.