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Overtone – Definition
An overtone is a higher-frequency sound that occurs naturally above a musical note’s fundamental pitch. Together, the fundamental and its overtones determine an instrument’s unique tone colour.
What is an Overtone?
When a string or column of air vibrates, it produces not only its fundamental frequency but also a series of higher frequencies called overtones. These overtones occur according to the harmonic series and are responsible for the distinctive sound of different musical instruments, even when they play the same pitch.
The number and strength of the overtones determine an instrument’s timbre and play an important role in acoustics, tuning, and sound production.
How is an Overtone used in piano playing?
Pianists experience overtones whenever strings resonate together, especially when using the sustain pedal. The interaction between vibrating strings creates the rich, full sound that characterizes an acoustic piano.
Understanding overtones helps pianists appreciate tone production, pedalling, resonance, and the acoustic behaviour of the instrument.